Rust Platform

In Python, dictionaries handle missing keys gracefully:

counts = {} counts['a'] = counts.get('a', 0) + 1 # increment or initialize # Or with defaultdict from collections import defaultdict counts = defaultdict(int) counts['a'] += 1

Rust's HashMap has an entry API that's even more powerful.

Basic HashMap operations

use std::collections::HashMap; let mut map: HashMap<String, i32> = HashMap::new(); map.insert("key".to_string(), 42); let value = map.get("key"); // Option<&i32> let value = map["key"]; // panics if missing

The Entry API